Background of the study
Political hashtag campaigns on Twitter have become potent instruments of semantic change in Nigerian digital discourse. These campaigns not only mobilize support and disseminate political messages but also drive the evolution of word meanings. Nigerian users repurpose common terms into politically charged hashtags, thereby triggering shifts in semantic networks as these new meanings spread rapidly across online communities (Adeola, 2023). Through collective engagement, hashtags transform the traditional lexicon and create dynamic semantic fields that reflect contemporary socio-political contexts (Ibrahim, 2024). This study investigates how political hashtag campaigns influence semantic variation by analyzing trending political hashtags on Twitter. By examining the evolution and contextual usage of these hashtags, the research aims to uncover the mechanisms behind digital semantic shifts and to understand their broader implications for language change in Nigeria (Obi, 2025).
Statement of the problem
While political hashtag campaigns are recognized for their role in shaping digital discourse, there is limited research on their impact on semantic variation in Nigerian Twitter. Existing studies often focus on political mobilization rather than the linguistic processes of meaning change. This gap restricts our understanding of how collective online behavior redefines word meanings and hinders the development of robust models for digital semantic evolution (Chinwe, 2023).
Objectives of the study
• To analyze semantic shifts induced by political hashtags.
• To identify patterns of meaning change.
• To develop models explaining digital semantic evolution.
Research questions
• What semantic changes occur in political hashtag campaigns?
• How do these changes reflect socio-political contexts?
• What mechanisms drive these semantic shifts?
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it explores the impact of political hashtag campaigns on semantic variation in Nigerian Twitter, enhancing our understanding of digital semantic evolution and informing language policy and education (Adeola, 2023; Obi, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study
The study is limited to political hashtag campaigns on Nigerian Twitter; other platforms and non-political content are excluded.
Definitions of terms
• Semantic Variation: Changes in word meaning over time.
• Hashtag: A word or phrase preceded by "#" used to index topics on social media.
• Digital Semantic Evolution: The process by which meanings change in online communication.
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